Understanding and managing Parkinson's disease

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, mood, and a variety of bodily functions. 

Dr. Tarek Ali, a neurologist with specialized training in movement disorders and Parkinson’s disease, shares his understanding of Parkinson’s and discusses unique care options offered at UK HealthCare. 

The impact of Parkinson’s

Parkinson’s disease is primarily characterized by the gradual loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to symptoms such as tremors, muscle rigidity, slowness of movement and postural instability. These motor symptoms often start subtly and worsen over time, affecting both sides of the body. 

Beyond motor symptoms, Parkinson’s also causes non-motor issues like depression, anxiety, cognitive changes, sleep disturbances and autonomic dysfunctions (e.g., constipation and blood pressure problems). These non-motor symptoms can significantly affect quality of life, sometimes more than the motor symptoms.

Causes and risk factors for Parkinson’s disease

While the exact cause of Parkinson’s is still unknown, it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. 
Age is the biggest risk factor, with most cases occurring around age 60 or older. Men are more likely to develop Parkinson’s than women, and a family history can slightly increase risk. 

Environmental factors, such as prolonged exposure to certain pesticides and chemicals, have also been linked to the disease.

Diagnosis and stages of Parkinson’s disease

Diagnosing Parkinson’s is a clinical process based on a patient’s symptoms and a neurological exam. Although there is no definitive test, a Dopamine Transporter (DAT) scan can sometimes support the diagnosis. 

The progression of Parkinson’s is commonly measured using the Hoehn and Yahr scale, which ranges from mild symptoms affecting one side of the body (Stage 1) to severe disability requiring full-time care (Stage 5).

Living with Parkinson’s disease

Living with Parkinson’s presents daily challenges that require a comprehensive approach to management. 

Regular exercise, particularly aerobic and strength training, is vital for maintaining mobility and reducing stiffness. Activities like yoga and Tai Chi can help improve balance and flexibility. A balanced diet, adequate hydration and high-fiber foods are also important for overall health and managing symptoms like constipation.

Mental health care is crucial as well. Techniques such as meditation and mindfulness can help  manage stress. Staying connected with loved ones and participating in support groups can reduce feelings of isolation. 

Home safety modifications and assistive devices can make daily tasks easier and safer, and professional therapies can support independence.

Advances in Parkinson’s disease treatment

Research into Parkinson’s disease is rapidly advancing. 

New treatments aimed at slowing the progression of the disease are under development, including drugs that target abnormal protein formation and gene therapies. Subcutaneous levodopa, expected to be approved in the U.S. by 2025, offers a more consistent release of medication, which could benefit those with advanced Parkinson’s.

Innovative trials like the DBS Plus, combining Deep Brain Stimulation with nerve grafting, are also showing promise. DBS Plus aims to rejuvenate dying dopamine-producing neurons, potentially offering new hope for those with Parkinson’s.

Treating Parkinson's at UK HealthCare

At UK HealthCare, we offer a multidisciplinary approach to Parkinson’s disease care, with personalized treatment plans designed to meet each patient’s unique needs. 

Our team includes specialists in neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychology, and various therapies, ensuring comprehensive care. We also provide access to cutting-edge research and clinical trials, making us a leader in Parkinson’s disease management.